Children may feel stomach pain for a range of reasons and may need treatment. For unexpected after-hours medical issues, there are telephone helplines, pharmacies, after-hours medical clinics or doctors who can visit you at home. Severe allergic reactions anaphylaxis and asthma attacks need urgent emergency first aid. In an emergency, always call triple zero Allergy occurs when the body overreacts to a 'trigger' that is harmless to most people.
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Skip to main content. Home Allergies. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis can occur within minutes. Signs of a mild to moderate allergic reaction include: swelling of lips, face, eyes hives or welts appearing on the skin tingling mouth abdominal pain, vomiting these are signs of anaphylaxis for insect allergy. Triggers for anaphylaxis Some of the more common triggers allergens that can lead to anaphylaxis include: food — any food can be a trigger.
Ticks arachnids can also trigger anaphylaxis medicines — some prescription drugs such as penicillin , over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin and herbal preparations.
These include: poorly controlled asthma exercise alcohol fatigue posture — standing and walking hormonal changes for example, in women that are premenstrual or menstrual taking a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication such as aspirin or ibuprofen. You will need regular follow-up visits with an allergy specialist. This means that even small exposures can potentially trigger severe reactions. Make an appointment with an allergist after your first reaction so you can be tested and receive proper medical guidance.
Together, you and your doctor can create an allergy response plan. This plan will come in handy as you learn to cope with your allergies and teach others in your life what to do in case of a reaction. Review this plan annually and make changes as necessary.
The key to prevention is avoidance. Diagnosing your allergy is the most important step for preventing future reactions. If you know what causes the reaction, you can avoid it — and the life-threatening reaction — altogether. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that causes a range of symptoms. Check out pictures of the symptoms, and learn more about them. Biphasic anaphylaxis is a secondary anaphylactic reaction. Symptoms are often milder but still require medical treatment.
Learn more here. If you have an allergy to peanuts, you may be at risk for delayed anaphylaxis. Here are the symptoms to watch for and preventative measures to take. Bee sting allergy refers to a serious bodily reaction to bee venom. Learn about symptoms and treatment. When you experience a severe allergic reaction, you may experience anaphylaxis. When this happens, your body is flooded with chemicals which can lead…. Neti pots have been used for many years as a remedy for allergies and other conditions.
Exercise alone can cause anaphylaxis as can food-induced anaphylaxis, Exercise-induced anaphylaxis can occur during the pollinating season of plants to which the individual is allergic. Catamenial anaphylaxis is a syndrome of hypersensitivity induced by endogenous progesterone secretion.
Patients may exhibit a cyclic pattern of attacks during the premenstrual part of the cycle. Flushing, tachycardia, angioedema, upper airway obstruction, urticaria and other signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis can occur without a recognizable cause. Diagnosis is based primarily on the history and an exhaustive search for causative factors. Serum tryptase and urinary histamine levels may be useful, in particular, to rule out mastocytosis. Ensure and establish a patent airway, if necessary, by repositioning the head and neck, endotracheal intubation or emergency cricothyroidotomy.
Place the patient in a supine position and elevate the lower extremities. Patients in severe respiratory distress may be more comfortable in the sitting position.
Treat bronchospasm as necessary. Equipment for endotracheal intubation should be available for immediate use in event of respiratory failure and is indicated for poor mentation, respiratory failure, or stridor not responding immediately to supplemental oxygen and epinephrine. Minimize or eliminate continued exposure to causative agent by discontinuing the infusion, as with radio-contrast media, or by placing a venous tourniquet proximal to the site of the injection or insect sting.
Assess adequacy of perfusion by taking the pulse rate, blood pressure, mentation and capillary refill time. Establish I. A second I. If a vasopressor, such as dopamine becomes necessary, the patient requires immediate transfer to an intensive care setting. The same ABC mnemonic can be used for the pharmacologic management of anaphylaxis:. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis. It stimulates both the beta-and alpha-adrenergic receptors and inhibits further mediator release from mast cells and basophils.
Animal and human data indicate that platelet activating factor PAF mediates life-threatening manifestations of anaphylaxis. The early use of epinephrine in vitro inhibits the release of PAF in a time-dependent manner, giving support to the use of this medication with the first signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
The usual dosage of epinephrine for adults is 0. The dose for children is 0. Lower doses, e. Epinephrine should be given early in the course of the reaction and the dose titrated to the clinical response. The patient's response determines the rate of infusion. Antihistamines are not useful for the initial management of anaphylaxis but may be helpful once the patient stabilizes. Diphenhydramine may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly or orally.
Cimetidine offers the theoretical benefit of reducing both histamine-induced cardiac arrhythmias, which are mediated via H2 receptors, and anaphylaxis-associated vasodilation, mediated by H1 and H2 receptors. Cimetidine, up to mg every 6 to 8 hours, may be administered orally or slowly I. Anaphylactoid reactions are sometimes seen in certain medical treatments.
These may include reactions to NSAIDs, local anesthetics, cancer treatment with monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy. Q: Allergic reaction vs anaphylaxis — what is the difference? A: An allergy is an immune response to something that the body mistakenly perceives as a threat, such as pollen or animal dander.
In most cases, people with allergies develop mild to moderate symptoms, which develop locally, e. Much more rarely, exposure to a triggering allergen can cause an anaphylactic reaction.
Q: How long does anaphylaxis take? A: Initial symptoms typically develop rapidly, reaching peak severity within 3 to 30 minutes. Symptoms may disappear after one or two epinephrine injections. Less commonly, they may then return after a period of one to eight hours, which is known as a biphasic response.
Rarely, protracted anaphylaxis may occur, in which symptoms persist for days. Q: How long does recovery after anaphylactic shock take? A: It may take a few days to fully recover after treatment. Many people will feel quite unwell and drained for up to about a week. Q: Will Benadryl stop anaphylaxis? A: No, emergency treatment must be sought immediately as anaphylaxis is life-threatening. Antihistamine pills such as diphenhydramine, brand name Benadryl, are not sufficient to treat anaphylaxis.
They can help to relieve allergy symptoms, but work too slowly and ineffectively on life-threatening symptoms to prevent serious complications from anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis Campaign. Accessed 3 July MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed 4 July NHS inform.
Allergy UK. Accessed 12 January BMJ Best Practice. Wiley Online Library. Medscape eMedicine. BMJ Journals. Resuscitation Council. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. MedlinePlus Drug Information. For information on how to move someone into the recovery position, see this resource with instructions.
World Allergy Organization. Anaphylactoid Reactions. Accessed 13 January
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